Table of Contents
How are mitochondria regulated?
The mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. They generate most of the cell’s energy supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is a crucial regulatory system of signal transduction which controls many aspects of cellular functions.
Can mitochondria function independently?
Mitochondria divide independently by a process that resembles binary fission in prokaryotes. Mitochondria also have special ribosomes and transfer RNAs that resemble these components in prokaryotes. These features all support that mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes.
Are mitochondria self replicative?
Mitochondria are self-replicating organelles that occur in various numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria contain their own genome that is separate and distinct from the nuclear genome of a cell.
Are mitochondria autonomous?
Mitochondria is a semi autonomous body as it contains its own DNA and ribosomes. The inner, folded membrane of mitochondria also contains ribosomes which is why it can synthesize its own proteins.
How does the mitochondria regulate apoptosis?
Mitochondria play key roles in activating apoptosis in mammalian cells. Bcl-2 family members regulate the release of proteins from the space between the mitochondrial inner and outer membrane that, once in the cytosol, activate caspase proteases that dismantle cells and signal efficient phagocytosis of cell corpses.
What role does the mitochondria play in the regulation of apoptosis?
In healthy cells, Omi functions as a mitochondrial chaperone, whereas the nonapoptotic function for Smac is not known. However, in contrast to cytochrome c, loss of either Omi or Smac either individually or together does not impart resistance to caspase activation and apoptosis (Okada et al. 2002; Jones et al.
Why can the mitochondria self replicate?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are self-replicating organelles. They are produced only by growth and division of pre-existing mitochondria or chloroplasts. They cannot be formed de novo or from other organelles or pre-existing membranes. They grow by the insertion of molecules in to their membranes.
Why mitochondria is called self autonomous?
Complete answer: Mitochondria are regarded as semi-autonomous organelle please due to the presence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), that can replicate independently and synthesize their proteins with ribosomes. Mitochondrial DNA is known as Mt- DNA and ribosomes are called mitoribosomes.
Why are mitochondria autonomous?
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelle present in most eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are semi-autonomous due to the presence of their own DNA, which directs the synthesis of some of the proteins present in them. Mitochondria also contain ribosomes, which synthesise some of the mitochondrial proteins.