Table of Contents
What are base mutations?
Point Mutation A point mutation is when a single base pair is altered. Point mutations can have one of three effects. First, the base substitution can be a silent mutation where the altered codon corresponds to the same amino acid.
What are the 2 types of substitution mutations?
They are further classified as follows: (1) substitution mutations, (2) insertion mutations, and (3) deletion mutations. Substitution mutations are a type of mutation in which a single nucleotide is substituted with a different nucleotide.
What is base insertion?
A form of dna mutation where one or more of the dna bases of a dna chain is added to another, changing the genetic coding of the chain dramatically and most usually having a detrimental effect.
What happens when there is a substitution mutation?
A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single “chemical letter” such as switching an A to a G). Such a substitution could: change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced.
Which genetic abnormality is caused by base substitution?
Types of Changes in DNA
| Class of Mutation | Type of Mutation | Human Disease(s) Linked to This Mutation |
|---|---|---|
| Point mutation | Substitution | Sickle-cell anemia |
| Insertion | One form of beta-thalassemia | |
| Deletion | Cystic fibrosis | |
| Chromosomal mutation | Inversion | Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome |
What is a base substitution?
Base substitution Base substitutions are the simplest type of gene-level mutation, and they involve the swapping of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication. For example, during replication, a thymine nucleotide might be inserted in place of a guanine nucleotide.
What causes base substitution?
What can a base substitution result in?
Missence: When base substitution results in the generation of a codon that specifies a different amino acid and hence leads to a different polypeptide sequence. Depending on the type of amino acid substitution the missense mutation is either conservative or nonconservative.